Schloss Solitude
Castle Solitude in Stuttgart, Germany is
also referred to as Solitude Palace, constructed to act as a hunting
lodge for the elite of the region between 1764 and 1769,
commissioned by Duke Karl Eugen of Wurttemberg. The elaborate
structure isn't really a castle in the truest sense of the word, but
rather a rococo palace, and beginning in 1956 belonged to the urban
district of Stuttgart-West. It sits upon a high plain between the
towns of Stuttgart, Leonberg and Gerlinngen with outstanding views
of the area. The schloss was initially designed to become a refuge,
or place of quiet, reflection and solitude, away from the tedious
day-to-day activities of court and politics. In fact, its
construction was constantly plagued by politics and funding
problems, since the duke had entered into the infamous Seven Years'
War that many considered to be the real first world war. It involved
all the major nations of the world at that time, along with their
respective colonies in the Americas and India. Unfortunately for
Karl, he chose the wrong side against Prussia, but since the small
region wasn't anywhere near the other main belligerents, it didn't
mean much to him or his people, other than he had squandered a lot
of money and men. The building's costs were more than the duchy of
Wurttemberg had allotted, so that meant more political haggling
between the duke and the Stuttgart land barons that caused Karl to
move to Ludwigsburg; and eventually, the palace was just too much of
a luxury for the small region and by 1770 it became a high school
for rich children funded by the duke. In 1775, Karlsschule academy
took over the castle and soon became an academy of arts, military
academy and then general university for the rich children. Finally,
the cost of maintaining the structure became too expensive, and
after the duke passed on in the late 18th century, it was closed.
Between 1972 and 1983, it would be renovated by the Federal Republic
of Germany.
Neues Schloss
The
Neues Schloss Meersburg is located in Meersburg, Baden-Wurttemberg,
Germany by Lake Constance and was built in 1750 to become the seat
of the Prince-Bishop of Constance. When the bishopric was done away
with in 1803, the seat was moved. The initial construction started
in 1710 under Bishop Johann Franz II von Stauffenberg, with the
architect, Christoph Gessinger designing it and overseeing the
construction. In 1712, the project was completed, although it wasn't
finished in terms of becoming the symbol of power for the bishop;
since the upper stories had rooms and apartments for the dignitaries
that would visit the bishop in office, but without a grand stairway
leading up to them or the other symbols of power and riches. Hugo
Damian von Schonborn, the Bishop of Speyer, had already constructed
a place called Schloss Bruchsal nearby, but took over the seat in
Meersburg in 1740 and the schloss but wanted improvements and of
course added features becoming his high office. During 1741 to 1743,
the chapel was constructed, based on plans by Balthazar Neumann,
with artworks and statues created by fresco painter Gottfried
Bernhard Goz from Augsburg, as well as the sculptor Joseph Anton
Feuchtmayer. In 1759, the Prince-Bishop Cardinal Franz Konrad von
Rodt instructed the master builder, Franz Anton Bagnatos to
rejuvenate the castle, restructuring the stairway that had been
built and was now falling apart. The baroque facing of the castle
was remodeled in the rococo style with bigger windows, more
decorations around them and new gables added. On the inside, the
Mainz artist, Guiseppe Appiani and sculptor, Carlo Luca Pozzi
created marvelous works and decorations. There are two huge
paintings over the grand staircase that were done by Appiani, called
the Glorification of the Prince-Bishops and the Diocese that was
done in 1761, and over the ballroom, the worship of the divine
providence that was created in 1762. In 1803, when the
Secularization occurred, the castle had held the prince-bishop seat
for almost half a century. In the 19th century, the castle would be
used for a girls' school, then a prison, sailor's school and during
the period from 1865 to 1937 it would be used as the Baden
institution for Deaf-mutes, and then moved to Gengenbach that year.
For the next eight years, it would become a high school for troubled
young men and after WWII, it became a barracks for French troops.
Inside the castle presently, there are a number of museums as well
as being an interesting architectural delight itself. Located on a
high knoll overlooking the lake, the back of the castle has a
marvelous garden terrace with an outstanding view of the lower city,
the Swiss coast of Lake Constance and the ferry dock.