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Things to do in Daly City
Alcatraz Island

Alcatraz Island sits in the middle
of the bay of San Francisco, 1.5 miles from the nearest shore,
which helped make it a deterrent to those would-be escapists
that thought about leaving the old prison by those means. It has
been called the Rock more than any other name, since it is just
big rock top sitting on the water, originally being used as a
lighthouse, then fort, military prison and finally, the federal
prison that made it quite famous until 1963. During the early
1970s it would become a national recreation area and get land
marking designation in 1976 and 1986. Currently, the island is
run by the National Park Service, and is considered a part of
the Golden Gate National Recreation Area, making it available
for tours and visitors. You can get to the island by ferry from
pier 33, by Fisherman's Wharf in San Francisco, and the
country's first hybrid propulsion ferry started taking visitors
there in 2008. The site has been showcased in many TV shows,
games, comics, cartoons, books and movies. The first mention of
the tiny island was by Juan Manuel de Ayala in 1775, the man
that charted the bay area and called the island, "La Isla de los
Alcatraces" that means the island of the pelicans, and had been
taken from the ancient Spanish word, alcatraz, or pelican, which
had been originally an Arabic word for sea eagles. The island
now contains the oldest lighthouse that still runs on the west
coast of America, a seabird colony, gorgeous views of the
coastline, early military fortifications, the abandoned prison
and natural features like rock pools and other intrusions into
the island's water edge. The first recorded owner was Julian
Workman, that Mexican governor Pio Pico gave it to with the
understanding that he would construct a lighthouse on the
property in 1846. Julian was the baptismal name of the William
Workman that was one of the owners of Rancho La Puente and a
close friend of Pico. Later that year, John C. Fremont, the
acting military governor of the territory, purchased the island
for $5000 in the name of the United States from Francis Temple.
President Millard Fillmore would order the island be used for
military purposes in 1850, after the nation won the territory of
California from Mexico in the Mexican-American War. John Fremont
had imaged getting a large amount of money for his purchase of
the island for the nation, but received nothing after the
government invalidated the sale. He and his heirs would take the
issue to court and continue fighting for it until the 1890s, but
never received a penny. Once the state had been acquired by the
US, at the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, ending the
Mexican-American War, and then the wild gold rush of 1849, the
army started to look over the island to see if coastal batteries
could be placed there to defend the coast and city from invaders
and other marauders that might attempt to capture the region. In
1853, the Corps of Engineer, led by Zealous B. Tower, the island
was fortified, that continued until 1858 and Fortress Alcatraz
was completed. The first contingent of soldiers was 200 and 11
cannons, arrived near the end of the year, and when the Civil
War broke out, the island's defenses rose to 85 cannons, and by
1866 that would be 105 cannons. The island would also house the
storage facilities for firearms and munitions so the southern
sympathizers wouldn't get them. The island's cannons would not
be fired during that war, although it did house many Confederate
soldiers as prisoners and privateers that traveled around the
west coast. Because of its isolation and the cold continuous
hazardous tides, the waters around the island was perfect to
keep anyone from coming to the island secretly and just as
importantly, no one could leave, which was an important reason
for bringing the early Confederate prisoners of war there in
1861. After the war ended and in 1866, the army realized that
many of the cannons and fortifications were becoming obsolete
due to the many improvements in weapons and technology, so
starting in 1870, and continuing to 1876, the army tried
modernizing the island as well as construct underground
shell-proof magazines and tunnels and leveling the island, the
army never finished it, but soon realized it might be better
used for detention. A brick jail house had been constructed in
1867 and in 1868, the island was officially made a long-term
detention center for military prisoners; but during the 1870s,
numerous Hopi Native Americans were housed there. In 1898, the
Spanish-American War would enlarge the population of prisoners
from 26 to more than 450, and after the San Francisco great
earthquake in 1906, necessitated moving civilian prisoners to
the island for safe keeping. In 1907, the island would be
officially designated as the Western US Military Prison, then
Pacific Branch, US Disciplinary Barracks in 1915. The huge main
cell block started in 1909, designed by Major Reuben Turner, and
that is still the most recognizable feature on the island today.
In 1933, the military prison was turned over to the Department
of Justice and would become a Federal prison in 1934, and
through its 29 years of use, it held such famous individuals as
Mickey Cohan, George "Machine Gun" Kelly, Bumpy Johnson, James
"Whitey" Bulger, Arthur R. "Doc" Barker and Alvin Karpis, who
would serve more time at Alcatraz than any other person. During
that period, there were no escapes, but 36 inmates tried
unsuccessfully 14 times, with two men trying to escape twice,
six shot trying and three lost at sea, but never found and the
infamous Battle of Alcatraz that had a failed attempt by six
inmates. It is quite a story and well worth reading when you
visit there. Other notable characters included Robert Stroud,
who became the famous "Birdman of Alcatraz" and the basis for a
movie during the 1940s. Al Capone came there in 1934 and spent
four and a half years there before being transferred to Terminal
Island in Los Angeles after finding out he had tertiary
syphilis. Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy would close down
the prison because it had become so expensive to keep prisoners
there and they were all polluting the bay with their waste and
those of the guards and their families. In 1969, a group of
Native Americans from many nations came there and occupied it in
hopes of getting it used for a cultural, education and ecology
center, as well as many other problems that the Native Americans
had with the US government, but after almost 20 months, there
wasn't much accomplished. Although many tribes did get land
back, although it was mostly excess and unused lands that nobody
really cared about. The island was listed on the National
Register of Historic Places in 1976, and made a National
Historic Landmark in 1986.
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