Pinckney Island National Wildlife
Refuge

The Pinckney Island National
Wildlife Refuge occupies 4,053 acres in Beaufort County, South
Carolina, located between the mainland and Hilton Head Island,
and named for Major General Charles Cotesworth Pinckney. The
refuge was started to offer a forest and nature preserve for
conservation and aesthetic reasons, and is one of the seven such
refuges that is taken care of by the Savannah Coastal Refuges
Complex in Savannah, Georgia. The area is considered to be
archaeologically rich in sites that include 115 prehistoric and
historic places that have been identified thus far in the
region. After analysis using the current methodology, these
prehistoric sites have shown that there were humans living in
the area by the Archaic period that last from 8000-1000 BC, and
especially busy periods of the Mississippian Period that ran
from 1000-1500 AD. The archaeologists have also determined that
the French and Spanish explorers came and constructed small
settlements during the 16th and 17th centuries; and no real
permanent villages were established until 1708, when Alexander
Mackay was able to acquire 200 acres of land that sits on
Pinckney Island today. Mackay, an Indian trader, would be able
to acquire the remainder of the island by 1715, and the majority
of the encompassing islands that make up the current day refuge.
Charles Pinckney, the father of the general, purchased the lands
from Mackay's widow in 1736, and that is how the island would
get the name Pinckney. The general was a commander in the
Revolutionary War, one of the signers of the United States
Constitution, and then in 1804 and again in 1808, would run for
President of the United States in the Federalist Party. The
general had been an absentee landowner until 1804, when he moved
to the island and started the management of it, developing it
into a marvelous plantation, taking away the forests, draining
as much as the land as they could and finally planting it. The
plantation would have 200 slaves by 1818, that was used to grow
the outstanding quality long-staple Sea Island cotton, using 297
acres, and by the time 1840 rolled around, they had 386 slaves
to do all the difficult labor involved. The plantation would
continue to grow and become quite productive, until the Civil
War began, and it became occupied by Federal troops; with
occasional skirmishes being fought. The island's worst battle
happened on August 21, 1862, after the Confederate army's
Beaufort Light Artillery/11th Infantry attacked Company H, Third
Regiment, New Hampshire Volunteers. They killed four men in the
Federal army and ten men were wounded, two Federal and eight
Confederate. The US Army records indicate that black troops had
been enlisted to fight for the Union in that area, with some
believing that many were from the plantation, and there are five
headstones of deceased black troops buried there in a cemetery
on the northwest side of the island. When the war was over, and
the difficult reconstruction period began, the plantation didn't
fare so well, since its labor force had disappeared, and by the
1930s it would be completely abandoned. After over two centuries
of ownership, the island was sold to Ellen Bruce in 1937, the
wife of James Bruce, who then began using the island as a
hunting preserve. They would plant pine and hardwoods, construct
small ponds to entice the waterfowl to visit or stay, as well as
giving irrigation, so that almost 70% of the fields were put
back into agriculture. James Madison Barker, well known MIT
alumnus and early leader in international business and his
partner, Edward Starr bought the island in 1954, and kept it as
a game preserve. Then, in 1975, they donated the island to the
United States Fish and Wildlife Service so that it would be
handled as a National Wildlife Refuge, as well as a nature and
forest preserve, and it was officially made a wildlife refuge in
1975. The refuge includes Pinckney Island, Little Harry Islands,
Corn Island, Big Harry, Buzzard Island and many smaller
hammocks, with Pinckney being the biggest, and only one that is
open to the public. Over two thirds of the refuge is made up of
salt marshes and tidal creek, with other types of land being
located there, like brush, fallow field, freshwater ponds, salt
marsh and forests, which altogether are able to support a
excellent diversity of plants and birds. Other varieties include
raptors, neo-tropical migrants, shorebirds, egrets, waterfowl,
white-tailed deer, herons and white ibis; along with alligators,
wood stork, Flatwoods salamander, bald eagle, and nine-banded
armadillo. It is a magnificent place to enjoy all the outdoor
activities like photography, hiking, wildlife watching and
cycling. It hosts a one-day quota deer hunt to keep the
population under control, and fishing is not allowed. The
islands contain ten miles of trails that are great for hiking
and will offer the visitor a wonderful day of excitement and
adventure as you meander around the lands exploring and enjoying
the exercise that you will assuredly get.
Sandbox Interactive Children's Museum
The
Sandbox is a nonprofit and a place where children and adults can
get together and play, learn and explore the wonderful world
that exists here, with hands-on and interactive displays and
exhibits that encourage the visitors, both old and young, to
enjoy the many activities that we can share and learn in a fun
and exciting way. Kids will love sailing away on Captain William
Hiltons' ship of discovery or discover their passport to the
world at the marvelous international airport terminal that has a
wonderful pint sized plane that the small fry can learn to fly.
Set in Hilton Head, South Carolina, the Sandbox offers children
and their parents an alternative to the electronic invasion that
often overpowers the little ones or else permeates their minds
and seems to take them over, with only electronic devices to
teach, encourage and help them find their way to adulthood.
Every exhibit in the Sandbox has been designed and built to
allow children to learn, at their own pace, as they have fun,
bond with other children their age and the people who take care
of them and nurture them the most; their parents. You won't find
any do not touch signs in here, as everyone of them are
enthusiastically encouraged to touch, play, talk and laugh.
Every display has been created for the exploration by the kids,
in hopes of helping them learn to have fun learning; that it
doesn't have to be boring or not interesting. There is an
international bazaar that encourages and assists your child to
learn how to shop and purchase items, use money and how to count
it, as well preparing some really fantastic meals from the food
they bought. In the Loggerhead Castle, they can play in the
magic sand that really is exciting, but you'll have to go there
to find out what it is and how it works. Explore the rock
challenge course as you search for clues tracking a T-rex, paint
whatever your heart desires or play any one of the many
instruments that are here just for you to discover in the Rhythm
and Hues Room. It is such a modern and exciting place for you
and your children to come and spend quality time learning
together, playing together and sharing those significant moments
in your child's life that you couldn't do or find at home, with
an outstanding staff that is here to help and encourage, to play
and inform or whatever need you may find for them