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Things to do in Nuremberg

Nuremberg Castle
The Nuremberg Castle sits on sandstone rock above the north side of the city of Nuremberg, Germany, with outstanding architecture and history, constructed in the early 12th century, and the residence of all kings and kaisers from 1050 to 1571, although the period is not explicit. There are actually three distinct sections that include the imperial castle (Kaiserburg), the building of the Burgraves of Nuremberg (Burggrafenburg) and the municipal buildings of the Imperial City located on the eastern side of the castle grounds (Reichsstadtische Bauten). There have been archaeological excavations done at the site that this area had some settlement around 1000, but there isn't any real documentation to substantiate that. The term Nuremberg was initially recorded in various documents in 1050, when Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor, came to visit the region, but there wasn't any mentioning of a castle being constructed or having been located there. According historical documents claim that every Kaiser and kings of the Holy Roman Empire would live there between 1050 and 1571, although King Conrad III did start constructing a second castle in the area in 1140 that would become his residence. The term Kaiser is a German word that means or translates to emperor, like the term czar used in Russian for they leaders that also was from the Latin term of emperor, that was also obtained from the title of Caesar, being used for the emperors of the German empire, the Austrian empire and the Austro-Hungarian empire. It is very confusing for foreigners, but any visitor could certainly read as much information about it to gain further understanding if you so desired. That being said, Conrad III was the first King of Germany from the Hohenstaufen dynasty, the son of Frederick I, Duke of Swabia and Agnes, daughter of Salian Emperor Henry IV. Nuremberg would become an imperial free city in the 13th century, and the castle would become the responsibility of the city, with many parts of the castle being constructed during this period but the Luginsland tower that was started in 1377 is the most significant and recognized. The robber baron Eppelein von Gailingen made his legendary escape from the hanging he was scheduled to have, by driving his horse into the castle's moat in 1381. During the mid 19th century, August von Voit, August Essenwein and Carl Alexander Heideloff would instigate actions that would lead to the preservation of the castle and its outbuildings. In the bombings of the Allied forces in 1944 and 1945, the castle would get damaged fairly well, with just the Sinwell Tower and Roman double chapel being the only buildings that were untouched. Rudolf Esterer and Julius Lincke would reconstruct the castle back to its former glory after the war was over, as well as the Luginsland tower that had been entirely destroyed. Some of the additions that were added in the 19th century were taken down in 1934 and 1935, and whether this had something to do with the Nazis taking over the region is not mentioned nor known. Presently, the eastern structures of the castle have been converted to a youth hostel.

Albrecht Durer House
The house of Albrecht Durer is found in Nuremberg, Germany, where the artist, printmaker and theorist was born in May 1471, and gained a fabulous reputation in his twenties while traveling across Europe and many regard him as the greatest artist of the northern renaissance. His famous works include; the Apocalypse woodcuts, Knight, Death and the Devil from 1513, Saint Jerome in his Study from 1514 and Melencolia from the same year. His magnificent watercolors gained him recognition as the first European landscape artist and his outstanding woodcuts revolutionized the medium. Using classical motifs in his northern artworks, gained by knowing Italian artists and German humanists, Albrecht gained a reputation as one of the most important artists of the northern renaissance period. His theoretical treatise involving the principles of perspective, mathematics and proportions would also gain him notoriety that followed him wherever he went. Albrecht was the third child and second son of parents that would have between 14 and 18 children, since his father was a very successful goldsmith, who had come to Nuremberg from Hungary. He would leave many autobiographical writings that would help corroborate many of the stories that were told about him since he had become so famous at an early age, and allow later generations to learn more about this incredible man. His story is one that would make any reader or student of art and history delve more deeply into his writings and works, as well as reading any other works that told about his amazing talents both as an artist and engraver. The museum contains every facet of Albrecht and his work, starting out with a mutlivisional show called Albertus Durer Noricus that shows an exciting view of his works. Once the film is over, visitors are guided through the four floors of his house that he lived in during the period from 1509 to 1528 with a special attraction being his painting and printing workshops that are marvelous and excellent showcasing his unique artistic talents and techniques. There is a wonderful audio version guide of Agnes Durer that tells of the various problem of living during that period with its high points and low points, daily worries and other interesting quips. There are numerous copies of his beautiful works, both printed and painted that show what kind of superior talents this man had.

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Nazi Rally Party Ground and Museum
The Documentation Center Nazi Party Rallying Grounds is the incredible museum that sits in Nuremberg that today occupies the north wing of the unfinished remnant of the Congress Hall of the former Nazi party rallies that was started here in 1994. Their permanent exhibition of Fascination and Terror exemplifies the causes, connections and consequences of Nazi Germany as well as topics that are related to the city during that period and adjacent to the museum is an educational forum that offers more information. The city council considered starting a documentation center, and Austrian architect Gunther Domenig agreed to design it. In 1998, he won an international competition with his concept of spearing through the northern end of the building with a diagonal steel and glass passageway. One of the ironic features of the project was that the chief Nazi architect Albert Speer planned a massive site that included a zeppelin field, 180 foot wide great road leading to the grand rally grounds, a stadium to contain 400,000 people, a Congress hall for 50,000 and a March field from military exercises. It is also the site of where Speer built the cathedral of light and where the Nazi party brought almost a million people to their rallies between 1933 and 1938. It was all caught on film by Leni Riefenstahl in Triumph of the Will; and was rather poignant to Domenig, whose father was one of the Nazi judges, causing him to look at his own personal life as well and the Nazi architecture of the site. It was unveiled in 2001 by Johannes Rau, the President of Germany at the time.  Fascination and Terror is the main permanent display that looks at the causes, coherence and consequences of the party and National Socialism; describing the rallies and tries to explain the fascination that was exercised on the visitors and participants. The exhibit tries to further explain what caused the National Socialists to criminally exercise their power and to highlight how the different causal factors became interrelated. One positive goal was the stark presentation of violent consequences that beleaguered the people, as well as the events that connect the city of Nuremberg itself as the city of the party rally, and that socialistic period. Like the activities of Julius Steicher, the editor of the anti-Semitic rabble rousing weekly, Der Sturmer (the Storm Trooper), the contact with Nazi architecture after the war's end, the announcement of the Nuremberg Laws in 1935, the history of the Nuremberg Rally, the buildings on the grounds of the rally and finally, but maybe more importantly, at least to the inhabitants of the nation, the Nuremberg Trials that were held against the main architects of the National Socialist agenda, in 1945 and 1946 and the 12 succeeding trials.

 Kunstbunker (Historic Art Shelter)
The Kunstbunker or historic art bunker is the tunnel complex that runs underneath the Nuremberg Castle, that was used during the second World War to preserve the many artifacts, artworks and relics that the nation and city wanted to save from destruction, and one of the stations of the Historical Mile Nuremberg. Beginning in the Middle Ages, the hard sandstone rock corridors beneath the castle, the tunnels were carved out to protect any and all antiquities that might become part of the spoils of any invaders. Starting in the summer of 1940 major artworks were moved into the tunnels to save them from the Nuremberg air raids, as well as using the Neutor tower and under the Panierskeller Panerplatz for the same purposes. The entire bunker was converted to heat, ventilation and drainage changes that went down about 70 feet below the surface. It would become the perfect environment to preserve these valuable relics and rooms for guards were also constructed into the walls to make sure that no one would enter and attempt to steal or destroy the magnificent works. These significant works included; works by Albrecht Durer, the Annunciation by Veit Stoss from the Lawrence Church, the Manesse manuscripts, the Cracow altar by Veit Stoss, the globe of Martin Behaim, the crown jewels and the astronomical clock with the little man running form the Frauenkirche, historical time meters, musical instruments and scientific instruments as well as items from the many stores and churches that belonged in Old Town. Guided tours are available today that offer the visitor a look into the hidden treasure caches of the Nazis and contains works from the Forum Art bunker, other works that were hidden in various bunkers from WWII and one that was located underneath Kunsthalle Nuremberg.

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Local Restaurants in Nuremberg

Chain Bridge Restaurant Cold dishes; Franconinan sausage, salad with cucumbers, onions, dressed sour, farmhouse bread & butter; Homemade meat aspic with red onions & cucumbers, marinated with vinegar & oil, farmhouse bread & butter; Obatzter is Franconian specialty cheese, homemade with bread; cold roast pork with freshly grated horseradish, cucumber, bread & butter; terrine of black pudding & liver sausage with bacon, cabbage salad, freshly grated horseradish, farmhouse bread & butter; Chain Bridge delicacies plate with obatzter, cold roast pork homemade pork in aspic, radish, bread & butter; herring filet with apples, onions & steamed potatoes. Hot Dishes; old-fashioned herb roast is stuffed pork roasting leg with dark beer sauce, wild cranberries, fresh grated horseradish & potato dumplings; marinated pork steak with bacon, onion slivers, shredded pepper & dark beer sauce, steamed potatoes; crispy roasted spareribs with two spicy sauces & baguette; oven fresh pork shoulder with potato dumplings; rolled beef with red cabbage & potato dumplings; sour marinated beef in gingerbread sauce, red cabbage & potato dumplings. Goldenes Posthorn Menu; house specialty, original Nuremberger sausages; 6 pieces with side; 8 pieces with side; 12 pieces with side; ham pasta with iceberg salad; home made stuffed peppers with tomato sauce on rice; boiled beef with horseradish sauce & bouillon potatoes; liver Berlin style with mashed potatoes; fish filet baked with potato salad & remoulade sauce; meatloaf with mushroom pepper sauce & mashed potatoes; roast pork with dumpling & cabbage salad; sauerbraten with dumpling & red cabbage; roast pork with cabbage salad & dumpling; mixed garden salad with roasted herb mushrooms; macaroni caprese with cherry tomatoes, oregano & mozzarella; fresh chanterelles in cream with bread dumplings; cheese noodles with small green salad; schnitzel from the pan with potato-cucumber salad; fried dumpling with schweineschaufele; Nurember essigbratlein ox cheeks with veggies & dumplings; zander filet Miller style with potatoes & salad; grilled pork tenderloin in pepper sauce & potato croquettes.

St. Sebald Church
St. Sebaldus Church in Nuremberg, Germany is a medieval church that is one of the most important churches of the city, as well as being one of the oldest, construction starting in the 1230s. It is close to the Albrecht Durer Square by the front of the old city hall and gets its name from the 8th century hermit, missionary and patron saint of the city. After the Reformation it would become a Lutheran church, which it remains to this day. It would become a church parish in 1255 and finished in 1273-75, originally constructed as a Romanesque basilica with two choirs. In the 14th century there were some significant changes done to the church which widened the side aisles and the steeples raised from 1309 to 1345 and then the late gothic hall chancel constructed from 1358 to 1379. In the 15th century, the two towers would be added and in the mid 17th century galleries were installed and the insides remodeled in the baroque style. The church endured terrible damage during the Allied bombings, but later rebuilt, with much of the interior being saved, that included the Shrine of St. Sebaldus, the stained glass windows and works by Veit Stoss. The church would get its first organ in the 14th century and then a new one in the 15th century which was constructed by Heinrich Traxdorf, and up until its destruction in the bombings was one of the oldest playable organs in the world, even more notable since Traxdorf was one of the first organ builders to stop building in the Blockwerk organ style. The Traxdorf organ would be rebuilt in 1691, but the modified case would be destroyed in a bombing raid on January 2, 1945. A new one was installed in 1975 that had been built by Peter Koln.  The incredible sculptures by Veit Stoss are magnificent and span the church walls along with outstanding ceramics and beautiful imagery surrounding the walls and altar area. It is also quite beautiful on the exterior as can be seen by the image to the right.

St. Lawrence Church
The Saint Lorenz Church in Nuremberg, Germany is another famous church from medieval times that is dedicated to St. Lawrence and damaged quite a bit in the bombing raids of WWII. It would be rebuilt because of its historic and religious importance, and is one of the most significant Lutheran churches of the state of Bavaria. It was started in 1243 and 1315 in the high gothic style by the master medieval mason Konrad Rocizer.  The western facade that sits majestically between the two steeples contains a rosette window that can be dated back to Charles IV and his third wife, Anna von Schweidnitz because of the joint coats of arms that signified they were married, which happened in 1353. The plans were changed while the construction went on and the side chapels were integrated into the side aisles and the galleries that were located above the side portals. Sometime between 1439 and 1477, the late gothic hall chancel was added. The reconstruction was led by Julius Lincke in 1952, and the interior artworks include stone and wooden sculptures, the Annunciation with corresponding chandelier by Veit Stoss from the early 16th century, and the most fabulous tabernacle that was crafted by Adam Kraft in the late 15th century; as well as many epitaphs, the Decorus altar from 1437 and the Krell altar from 1483. It is truly a beautiful church with many gorgeous works located inside and the pulpit is a neo-gothic work that blends in and complements the entire beauty and serenity of this church.

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National Museum
The German National Museum in Nuremberg, Germany started in 1852, and contains a magnificent collection of German art and cultural artifacts that span prehistoric times to the current day with more than 1.2 million items. This is the nation's biggest cultural institution housed in a marvelous old structure that was constructed in 1525. It was started by a group of people that were led by the Franconian baron, Hans von und zu Aufsees, that desired to collect and preserve the art, history and literature of that exciting period and sits in the former Nuremberg Charterhouse, a gothic building that began as a church and monastery that was finished in 1405. After the reformation, the monastery would be deserted, and the church eventually became a munitions magazine in 1552, and then converted in 1615 into a Protestant church. It 1810, it would again, be changed into a military magazine and stables; until finally, in 1857, the museum moved in. It has grown into the biggest and most comprehensive museum in Europe with a vast collection of historical artifacts the include a 3000 year old golden headdress of holy man or wise man, a pilgrim's coat worn by Stephan Praun, the golden armlet of Barbarossa, a gem-studded eagle fibula from the age of migration and so much more that the only way to really learn about its interesting and exciting contents is to visit. Come see Martin Behaim's most famous globe of the earth, which was the earliest surviving object that showed the earth was round or spherical, Carl Spitz's Poor Poet and Ernst Ludwig's self-portrait. Study the only seven paintings by Albrecht Durer that exist in Nuremberg, the Schuddelfelder Ship, Veit Stoss's beautiful sculptures, toy collections that have rare and elegant doll houses, a magnificent collection of weapons and armor from medieval times, as well as one of the most significant historical musical instruments collection in the world.  Included in this spectacular collection of relics from ancient times to the present, the museum houses a wonderful historical archive, German bell archives, an institute for art technology and conservation, a fine arts archive, a cabinet full of coins and medals and a cabinet of drawings and prints. Their library is unbelievable with over half a million volumes on the history of European culture and art and the biggest in the nation, welcoming visitors all the time. Another outstanding medium is the museum's press that began in 1853 and houses a history of catalogues of both exhibition and collections, yearly museum bulletins and many specialized thematic series. The museum's art education center is another venue that offers programs for adults and school classes as well as special tours and exhibitions that have made this museum the most popular one in the city and nation. What's more, they offer tours in English, Chinese, French, Japanese, Spanish and Italian, as well as the natural language of German of course. It is the most inviting and interesting museum in Europe that offers the visitor a chance to view some of the most incredible articles of history and art in the world. 

Medieval Dungeons
The medieval dungeons in Nuremberg, Germany are located underneath the city's town hall which were constructed in the 14th century and had been used to hold the prisoners that were waiting for executions or trials. It contains 12 individual cells and a much larger torture chamber where visitors can peruse the amazing, but horrific tools of torture; where the entire dungeon has been left in the exact condition that it was left in originally. You will hear terrifying stories of how the prisoners were treated, how they lived, what they ate and more. Be prepared to learn more than you want and be very sure that you are really interested in this violent environment that is both haunting and scary. Their tour lasts only a short while, so you won't have to endure too much, unless someone wants to hear more about the individual stories.  Perhaps that is why the tours are short, and please be advised that children under the age of ten shouldn't be brought on the tour, although they are prohibited, it is just that the information and the strange emotions that could be felt might not be in their best interests. It is not the opportune place to take children of that age or younger, but you know them better than anyone else. It is one of those places that can creep into a child's dreams and certainly lead to nightmares, and since it is underground, it isn't going to smell or feel like anyplace that you might have toured in the past.

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Erlangen Schloss
The Erlangen Castle in Nuremberg, Germany was built in 1700 in a baroque style with orangery and garden areas, and was the first type of baroque ensemble francish style constructed in the city. It was commissioned to be built by Prince George William using the architect Antonio della Porto, but he passed on within two years and the castle would be completed by Gustav Gedeler in 1704. In 1703, the Margrave, like a Marquis, Christian Ernst evidently ran out of money and had his third wife, Elizabeth Sophie pay for the remainder of it; which caused many to call the castle the Elizabeth Castle. In the back of the castle, a huge garden and orangery was created and completed in 1706, with a Concordia church being constructed by the fountain and main statue, along with a hedge theater that is not there any more. A hedge theater is an open air theater along the lines of an amphitheater, with rows of seats carved out of the ground and covered in soft green grass. It was used as the royal palace for a short time, and then became a dower house until the early 19th century, although there had been numerous fires in the structure during the 18th century, but by 1814, the chimney that kept causing the fires was finally cleaned and would not cause any more problems. But in 1814, the attic, filled with the unwanted and unnecessary junk and other thrown off items flamed up and since it was so cold outside, the fire raged on and burned down the entire castle because the water hoses would keep freezing up. They were able to save the marvelous historical and outstanding furniture. During 1821 to 1825, the castle would be rebuilt by architect Friedrich Wilhelm Oertel, since it would become the main building for a new university named after Friedrich Alexander, which eventually grew into the second biggest university in Bavaria and all told had 27,000 students with about a third of them studying in Nuremberg. The reconstructed building would have a flatter roofline and huge columns in the first floor, with large lecture halls and seminar rooms. During WWII, it would be used as a reserve hospital, which probably explains why it went untouched through the many bombings, and after the war, it would become offices for the administration.

Nuremberg Z00
The Tiergarten Nurnberg, is a zoo located in the southeast corner of Nuremberg, Germany that sits on 170 with some 300 animals living there. The use of zoos had become a tradition in the city beginning in the Middle Ages, although the only evidence of those early zoos today is the names given to the Zoo Gate and the Zoo Square that sits next to it. This zoo was started in 1912 on the former site of the Bavarian State Exhibition that sat at the Luitpoldhain, and once the Nazis took control of the country, the zoo would be taken down in 1939. It would be moved to the Reichswald at Schmausenbuck that same year and was almost completely destroyed during the bombings of WWII, but later rebuilt during the 1950s. Presently, sitting on the large acreage it does, makes it one of the biggest zoos in Europe, with open, big natural areas that hid their enclosures so well that many people didn't realize that the animals couldn't escape. The habitats are so well interspersed into the surrounding environment to help this marvelous illusion, since the forests, stone pits and other surroundings have been creatively embedded. During the following decades, the zoo would construct other enclosures for polar bears, gorillas and snow leopards, all without disturbing the animals or the environment. In December, 2007, Flocke was born, the first captive born polar bear, and became such a popular and favorite of the city that many objected the young cub from being taken away from her mother to be hand raised, and thus feel more at ease around people. It caused quite a controversy in the city, but has since been adopted by UN Environment Program chief Achim Steiner. The zoo houses plains zebras, Siberian tigers, bottlenose dolphins, Asiatic lions, living in the old stone pits, Syrian brown bears, maned wolves, reticulated giraffes, kulans, California sea lions, Indian rhinoceroses, lowland gorillas, American bison, Malayan tapirs, manatees, African water buffalo, Pere David's deer and Somali wild donkeys.

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May 13, 2011