Penobscot Nation Museum

The Penobscot Nation Museum in
Indian Island, Maine can be found in the old Indian agent's
office, that is devoted to preserving and sharing the
outstanding cultural history and heritage of the Penobscot and
Wabanaki people. The museum contains wonderful collections that
actually span thousands of years of history and a unique way of
life. The collections include; birch bark canoes, tools, root
clubs, basketry materials, historical photographs, traditional
and ceremonial clothing, walking sticks and finished products,
along with contemporary artworks. The people of the Penobscot
Indian Nation are known as the penawahpskewi, which are made up
of the four Northeastern woodlands tribes and include; the
Maliseet, Mik Maq, Passamaqouddy and Penobscot; and they make up
the Wabanaki Confederacy. The beginning of their history is
considered to be about 12,000 to 9500 BC and included the
paleo-Indians. From 9500 to 3000 BC, it is the archaic period,
then the ceramic period that went from 3000 to 500 BC, and in
1524, Giovanni da Verrazano was the first white man or European
that had documented contact with the Native Americans in the
region that is called Maine today. The next year, in 1525, the
Portuguese explorer, Estevan Gomez would sail up the Penobscot
River into what is called Bangor today, and in 1568, David
Ingram would become the first to get documentation about the
Penobscot chief, Bessabez. From 1604 until 1605, Samuel de
Champlain, the cartographer for France, would chart the
coastline of the region of Maine, as Sieur de Monts, a French
nobleman, attempts to start a permanent settlement on St. Croix
Island. Then, in 1605, Port Royal becomes the first permanent
European settlement in North America, north of Florida, founded
by Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Monts & Samuel de Champlain. That same
year, George Weymouth, heading back to England, captures and
takes five of the Penobscot tribesmen. In 1607, Raleigh Gilbert
and George Popham, as well as the captured Indians from
Weymouth, start an English colony, Fort Saint George (the Popham
Colony), near the beginning of the Kennebec River, but it
eventually failed. In 1611, Father Pierre Baird, a French
Jesuit, begins an Indian mission at Indian Island, on the
Penobscot River. From 1607 until 1615, there are wars called the
MicMac or Tarratine, and it is then that Bessabez dies. From
1616 to 1619, about 75 to 90% of the tribes die from diseases
contracted from the Europeans in the Great Dying. The remainder
of the history of these hardy, brave tribes can be seen and read
at the museum, which is very interesting and enlightening, as
you follow the years from the 17th century to this day; or
perhaps it would be more truthful until that day in 1980, when
the tribes were recognized and given their autonomy. It should
be noted that in the Queen Anne's War that lasted from 1703
until 1713, the English offered bounties for Native American
scalps. Then in 1755, the Lt. Governor and commander-in-chief of
the province of Massachusetts Bay sent out a proclamation
stating that the Penobscots were considered enemies, rebels and
traitors to the crown, since they failed to carry out their part
in the various treaties that were made by the crown with them
since arriving in this country and these Europeans squatting on
Indian lands. The proclamation stated that all subjects should
pursue, capture, kill and destroy ALL Indians; with a bounty
being paid for them. To make sure that the enemies were killed,
the scalps of these rebels should be brought in for
verification. Today, the Penobscot Nation is one of the oldest
continuously operating governments in the world, with a tribal
chief being elected every two years, as well as a sub chief,
although not the way we elect a president and vice president,
spending two years in this position, the tribal government with
a 12 member tribal council that serves for four years. They also
elect a Penobscot legislative representative to the Maine
legislature, which is held every two years.
Old Town Museum
The
Old Town Museum in Old Town, Maine began as a way to celebrate
the nation's bicentennial, and while considering a way to do
that, the parks and recreation department thought that by
creating a small museum, the town could showcase its history and
culture. The museum would be housed in the old water district
building that had been vacated when the town stopped siphoning
water from the Penobscot River, but converting the structure
proved to be a long, messy and dirty undertaking. But it was
accomplished with the help of the community and the museum
opened in June, 1976, a week before the official celebration
began. The city would own and maintain the museum until 1982,
when a committee of dedicated museum supporters formed the
museum as a nonprofit to preserve the history of the town and
the surrounding area. The museum continued to be housed in the
old waterworks structure for two decades, while the conditions
became cramped and limited, being too small to store or properly
exhibit the collections that had been donated. In 1996, the
local St. Mary's church became available, so the board voted to
purchase the church and convert it into a museum, with a few
minor renovations needed. After getting the necessary funding,
the museum opened in the new building and was able to expand its
operations, with a few projects that showcased the history of
the region. The museum started a newsletter, made CDs of
photographs and created a 30 minute video that has oral
histories from 11 of the oldest citizens, talking about items
that they had from their childhood. The results that grew from
the initial bicentennial meeting is more than the town could
have hoped for and today it is a place for old-timers' to come
and remember, while the younger people can come and see what the
conditions, artifacts and other memorabilia was like from years
ago.