The Field Museum
The Field Museum of Natural
History in Chicago, Illinois is situated on Lake Shore Drive
adjacent to Lake Michigan and part of a scenic complex called the
Museum Campus Chicago; housing more than 21 million specimens, with
just a small part being exhibited at any one given time. Some of the
unique and priceless exhibits include; a huge collection of Native
American relics, Sue, the biggest and most complete Tyrannosaurus in
the world, a huge collection of dinosaurs in the Evolving Planet
exhibit, an expansive set of human cultural anthropology displays
that include relics from Tibet, the Pacific Northwest, the Pacific
Islands and Egypt and a big and diverse taxidermy collection that
highlights numerous big animals that includes two prized African
elephants and the infamous lions of Tsavo, that were showcased in
the 1996 movie, The Ghost and the Darkness. The museum began in 1893
as the Columbian Museum of Chicago with a specific purpose of
accumulating and disseminating knowledge, as well as the
preservation and exhibition of relics that pertain to history, art,
archaeology and science. It had been housed in the famous Palace of
Fine Arts that had been constructed for the 1893 World's Columbian
Exposition, and in 1905, its name would become the Field Museum of
Natural History to give honor to the first significant benefactor,
Marshall Field, in hopes of better reflecting it concentration on
natural history. It would move in 1921 to its current location on
Chicago Park district property close to downtown, becoming a part of
the lakefront museum campus that includes the Shedd Aquarium and the
Adler Planetarium. In 2006, it would become the main destination for
cultural visitors to the city but then lost it to the Shedd in 2007.
Its library would be organized in 1893 with collections that have
become an essential resource for the museum's research, display
development and educational programs. The Main Research Collections
contains 275,000 volumes that pertain to environmental and
evolutionary biology, biological systematics, museology,
anthropology, botany, archaeology, geology and other related
subjects. Some of the most significant exhibits include the Ayer
Collection that contains the private collection of Edward E. Ayer,
the first president of the museum, but mainly ornithological with
all the major works in the history of ornithology and rich in
color-illustrated works and the Laufer Collection that was the
working collection of Dr., Berthold Laufer, the nation's first
sinologist and curator of anthropology until his passing in 1934. It
houses about 7000 volumes written in Tibetan, Japanese and Chinese,
as well as many western languages that involve religion,
archaeology, travel, science and anthropology. Another is the photo
archives that contain more than 250,000 images that pertain to the
subjects of zoology, geology, anthropology and botany. The museum
unveiled Sue, in 2000, the most complete and well-preserved t-rex
fossil that has ever been discovered, standing 42 feet tall, being
13 feet at the hips and about 67 million years old. It was named
after the paleontologist that uncovered her, Sue Hendrickson; even
though the fossil's sex isn't known, but since she had been named
after Sue, it has become referred to as female. She has become a
permanent fixture at the museum, standing so proudly and
majestically on the main floor in the Stanley Field hall. Sue's
skull was way to heavy to lift onto her fragile body of bones, so it
sits in a case beside her on the second floor balcony about her
skeleton. They have placed a copy of her head onto the body for the
perfect appearance, and judging the rings on her bones, she is
believed to have been just 29 when she died; with another t-rex
called Jane, giving this state two significant tyrannosaurus rex
fossils. Some of the finest permanent exhibits found here
include; the Regenstein laboratory, the Grainger Hall of Gems,
McDonald's Fossil Prep Lab, the Underground Adventure, the DNA
discovery center, Inside ancient Egypt, dioramas, Evolving Planet
and the Ancient Americas.
Oriental Institute Museum
The
Oriental Institute (OI) in Chicago, Illinois, is the University of
Chicago's archeology museum that began in 1919 and has become a
research center for ancient Near Eastern studies started by James
Henry Breasted that originally built up the collection of the
Haskell Oriental Museum. James longed to begin a laboratory for the
study of the rise and development of civilization that would be able
to trace its origins from western civilization to the ancient Middle
East. After WWI, he felt that the time was right and the political
climate perfect for the concept, so he wrote to John D. Rockefeller,
Jr. and proposed the idea that would eventually grow into the
Oriental Institute. The institute was finally created in 1919,
housed in a unique art-deco/gothic building located at the corner of
University Avenue and 58th Street, designed by Mayers Murray &
Phillip, with remodeling finished in 1930 and dedicated in 1931.
Today, the museum houses relics from its digs in Iran, Iraq, Egypt,
Turkey, Syria and Israel, with significant works in the collection
including the old Persian capital, a humungous 40 ton human-headed
winged bull from Khorsabad, another huge statue of the King
Tutankhamun, the famous Megiddo Ivories, many treasures from
Persepolis, the capital of Sargon II and a collection of Luristan
bronzes. As its name implies, it is an active research center for
studies on the ancient Near East, with the museum's top floors
housing classrooms and faculty offices and the gift shop, the Suq,
that also sells textbooks for the University's classes on Near
Eastern studies. Besides excavating many areas in the Fertile
Crescent, its scholars made numerous contributions to our
understanding of human civilizations and its origins. It would be
Breasted, himself, that coined the phrase, Fertile Crescent, who
many believe is one of the models for Indiana Jones, with other
possible models from the museum including Robert Braidwood and
Edward Chiera. Even with unlimited resources and likewise
archaeological discoveries, to try and obtain a collection like the
one in the OI, would be impossible since many of the countries of
the Middle East have stopped foreign archeologists from coming in
and making discoveries, allowing them to only take a part, less than
half, of what they discover, which had been the typical case during
the late 19th century and early 20th century, when the majority of
the discoveries had been excavated, up until the 1930s, when these
law changes were made.